Motion: Uniform, Non-Uniform, Speed and Average Speed: 30 flashcards
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1. What is uniform motion?
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Motion in which an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
2. What is non-uniform motion?
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Motion in which an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time.
3. In uniform motion, what happens to the speed?
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The speed remains constant throughout the journey.
4. How do you spot uniform motion in a distance–time table?
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The distance column increases by the same amount for every equal time gap.
5. How do you spot non-uniform motion in a distance–time table?
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The time gaps or the distance gaps differ between rows.
6. Formula for average speed
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$$\text{Average speed} = \frac{\text{Total distance}}{\text{Total time}}$$
7. Does average speed tell you whether motion was uniform?
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No. Average speed only gives the overall pace; the motion could still be non-uniform.
8. A car covers 60 km, 70 km and 50 km in three successive hours. What is its average speed, and is the motion uniform?
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Average speed = $180/3 = 60\ \text{km/h}$. The motion is non-uniform because the distances each hour are unequal.
9. Standard example of uniform motion
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A car moving on a straight highway with no traffic.
10. Standard example of non-uniform motion
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A car moving in city traffic.
11. Convert km/h to m/s
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Multiply by $\frac{5}{18}$.
12. Convert m/s to km/h
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Multiply by $\frac{18}{5}$, i.e. $3.6$.
13. $72\ \text{km/h}$ equals how many m/s?
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$72 \times \frac{5}{18} = 20\ \text{m/s}$.
14. A horse runs at $18\ \text{m/s}$ and a train at $72\ \text{km/h}$. Which is faster and by how much?
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The train, by $2\ \text{m/s}$ (train $= 20\ \text{m/s}$, horse $= 18\ \text{m/s}$).
15. Formula for distance
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$$\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time}$$
16. Formula for time
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$$\text{Time} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}}$$
17. A train travels at $2.5\ \text{m/s}$ and covers 360 km. How long does it take?
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$360000/2.5 = 144000\ \text{s} = 4$ hours.
18. A train covers 180 km in 3 h. What is its speed in km/h and m/s?
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$60\ \text{km/h}$ and $16.67\ \text{m/s}$.
19. At $60\ \text{km/h}$, how far does a train travel in 4 hours?
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$60 \times 4 = 240\ \text{km}$.
20. When total time is fixed, what is the first step to find the speed for the last leg?
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Find the remaining time by subtracting the time already used from the total time.
21. A 2 km trip must finish in 200 s. The first 1000 m takes 150 s. What speed is needed for the last 1000 m?
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$1000/50 = 20\ \text{m/s}$.
22. For that 2 km trip in 200 s, what is the average speed?
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$2000/200 = 10\ \text{m/s}$.
23. Is uniform or non-uniform motion more common in daily life?
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Non-uniform motion is far more common.
24. What causes non-uniform motion in everyday travel?
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Traffic, rough roads, speed breakers and human fatigue change speed constantly.
25. Why must you convert units before calculating speed, distance or time?
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Mixing km/h with metres (or m/s with km) gives wrong answers, so all quantities must be in one system.
26. A vehicle covers the first 500 m at 10 m/s and the next 500 m at 5 m/s. What total time has it used?
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$50 + 100 = 150\ \text{s}$.
27. What is the key word that decides uniform vs non-uniform motion?
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*Equal* — equal distances in equal intervals of time.
28. If a table shows 8 m covered every 10 s, what is the speed and type of motion?
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Speed $= 0.8\ \text{m/s}$, and the motion is uniform.
29. Why can a single average speed be misleading?
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The same average can come from very different speeds, so it does not prove the motion was steady.
30. State the speed–distance–time relationship in one line.
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$$\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$$
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