Measurement Basics: 18 flashcards
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1. What is a physical quantity?
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A physical quantity is a property of a material or system that can be measured and expressed in numbers, e.g., length, mass, time.
2. Define the term 'unit' in measurement.
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A unit is a chosen standard of comparison for measuring a physical quantity. Every measurement is a number multiplied by a unit.
3. What are fundamental quantities? Give three examples.
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Fundamental quantities are basic quantities that cannot be expressed in terms of other physical quantities. Examples: length, mass, time.
4. What are derived quantities? Give two examples.
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Derived quantities are those that are expressed in terms of fundamental quantities. Examples: speed (length/time), density (mass/volume).
5. What is the SI system?
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The International System of Units (SI) is the standard system of units agreed upon by scientists worldwide for consistency in measurements.
6. What is the SI unit of length?
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The SI unit of length is the meter (m).
7. What is the SI unit of mass?
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The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
8. What is the SI unit of time?
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The SI unit of time is the second (s).
9. What is the SI unit of electric current?
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The SI unit of electric current is the ampere (A).
10. What is the SI unit of temperature?
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The SI unit of temperature is the kelvin (K).
11. What is the SI unit of amount of substance?
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The SI unit of amount of substance is the mole (mol).
12. What is the SI unit of luminous intensity?
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The SI unit of luminous intensity is the candela (cd).
13. How are derived units expressed?
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Derived units are expressed as combinations of fundamental units. For example, speed is measured in meters per second (m/s).
14. What is a prefix in the SI system? Give an example.
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A prefix is a symbol added to a base unit to indicate a multiple or fraction of that unit. Example: 'kilo-' means 1000 times, so 1 kilometer = 1000 meters.
15. Convert 2500 millimeters to meters.
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2500 mm = 2.5 m (since 1 m = 1000 mm).
16. Convert 3.5 hours into seconds.
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3.5 hours = 3.5 × 3600 s = 12600 s.
17. What is the difference between mass and weight?
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Mass is the amount of matter in a body, measured in kilograms, and is constant. Weight is the force of gravity on that mass, measured in newtons, and varies with location.
18. Why is the SI system preferred over other systems of measurement?
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The SI system is preferred because it is internationally accepted, coherent, and uses decimal-based prefixes, making conversions easier and ensuring consistency in scientific communication.
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