European Rule: 16 flashcards
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1. Which European power first established a trading post in India?
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The Portuguese, with Vasco da Gama's arrival in 1498 and the establishment of trading posts in Calicut and Goa.
2. What was the main objective of the British East India Company when it was founded in 1600?
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To trade in spices and textiles, primarily with the East Indies, but it soon focused on India.
3. Which battle in 1757 established British political power in Bengal?
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The Battle of Plassey, where Robert Clive defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah.
4. What was the 'Doctrine of Lapse'?
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A policy introduced by Lord Dalhousie in 1848, allowing the British to annex Indian states if the ruler died without a natural heir.
5. Which Mughal emperor granted the East India Company the right to trade in Bengal in 1717?
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Emperor Farrukhsiyar granted a farman (royal decree) exempting the Company from customs duties in Bengal.
6. What was the significance of the Battle of Buxar (1764)?
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It consolidated British control over Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha, and established the Company as a major political power in India.
7. Who was the first Governor-General of Bengal?
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Warren Hastings, who served from 1772 to 1785.
8. What was the Subsidiary Alliance system?
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A policy by Lord Wellesley where Indian rulers accepted British protection, allowed British troops in their territory, and surrendered control over foreign affairs.
9. Which act ended the East India Company's monopoly on trade with India in 1813?
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The Charter Act of 1813, which opened India to free trade but retained the Company's political control.
10. What was the immediate cause of the Revolt of 1857?
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The introduction of the Enfield rifle with cartridges greased with animal fat, which offended both Hindu and Muslim soldiers.
11. What was the result of the Revolt of 1857 for the East India Company?
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The Company was abolished, and India came under direct rule of the British Crown through the Government of India Act 1858.
12. Who was the first Viceroy of India?
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Lord Canning, who took office in 1858 after the Crown assumed direct control.
13. What was the Permanent Settlement?
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A land revenue system introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 in Bengal, fixing land revenue permanently with zamindars.
14. Which European power established Pondicherry as a major trading center?
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The French, who made Pondicherry their chief settlement in India.
15. What was the role of the British East India Company after the Battle of Plassey?
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It gained the Diwani (revenue collection rights) of Bengal in 1765, becoming a territorial power.
16. What was the 'Ring Fence' policy?
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A British policy of creating buffer states around their territories to protect their commercial and political interests.
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