تركيب الذرة: 18 flashcards
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1. What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties?
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The atom.
2. Name the three main subatomic particles that make up an atom.
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Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
3. Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
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Proton.
4. Which subatomic particle has a negative charge?
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Electron.
5. Which subatomic particle has no charge (neutral)?
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Neutron.
6. Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
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In the nucleus (center) of the atom.
7. Where are electrons located in an atom?
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They move in energy levels (shells) around the nucleus.
8. What is the charge of the nucleus of an atom?
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Positive, because it contains protons (and neutrons which are neutral).
9. What is the atomic number of an atom?
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The number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.
10. How can you calculate the number of electrons in a neutral atom?
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It is equal to the number of protons (atomic number).
11. What is the mass number of an atom?
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The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
12. If an atom has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, what is its mass number?
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12 (6 + 6 = 12).
13. If an atom has 8 protons and 8 neutrons, what is its atomic number?
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8 (the number of protons).
14. What are isotopes?
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Atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
15. How do electrons behave in an atom according to the modern model?
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They move in specific energy levels (shells) around the nucleus, and each shell can hold a certain maximum number of electrons.
16. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first energy level (closest to the nucleus)?
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2 electrons.
17. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second energy level?
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8 electrons.
18. If an atom has 11 electrons, how many electrons are in the second energy level?
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8 electrons (first shell has 2, second shell has 8, remaining 1 goes to the third shell).
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