Matter Classification: 16 flashcards
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1. What is a **pure substance**?
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A form of matter that has a constant chemical composition and characteristic properties. It cannot be separated into other kinds of matter by physical means.
2. What are the two main types of **pure substances**?
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Elements and compounds.
3. Define an **element**.
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A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, which cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.
4. Give two examples of **elements**.
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Oxygen ($O_2$), Gold ($Au$), Iron ($Fe$).
5. Define a **compound**.
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A pure substance formed when two or more different elements are chemically combined in a fixed ratio.
6. Give two examples of **compounds**.
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Water ($H_2O$), Carbon Dioxide ($CO_2$), Sodium Chloride ($NaCl$).
7. What is a **mixture**?
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A substance containing two or more pure substances that are physically combined but not chemically bonded.
8. What are the two main types of **mixtures**?
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Homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures.
9. Define a **homogeneous mixture**.
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A mixture in which the components are uniformly distributed throughout, appearing as a single phase.
10. Give an example of a **homogeneous mixture**.
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Saltwater, air, sugar dissolved in water.
11. Define a **heterogeneous mixture**.
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A mixture in which the components are not uniformly distributed and can be easily distinguished, often existing in multiple phases.
12. Give an example of a **heterogeneous mixture**.
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Sand and water, oil and water, a salad.
13. Can the components of a **pure substance** be separated by physical means?
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No, only by chemical means (for compounds) or not at all (for elements).
14. Can the components of a **mixture** be separated by physical means?
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Yes, using methods like filtration, evaporation, distillation, or magnetism.
15. Does a **pure substance** have a fixed melting and boiling point?
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Yes, pure substances have distinct and fixed melting and boiling points.
16. Does a **mixture** have a fixed melting and boiling point?
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No, mixtures typically melt and boil over a range of temperatures.
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