Photosynthesis: 25 flashcards
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1. What is photosynthesis?
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The process by which green plants make their own food using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight, releasing oxygen.
2. Name the three raw materials needed for photosynthesis.
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Carbon dioxide, water and sunlight.
3. What are the two products of photosynthesis?
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Glucose (a carbohydrate) and oxygen.
4. What is chlorophyll?
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The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
5. Where in the cell does photosynthesis occur?
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In the chloroplasts.
6. How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf?
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Through the stomata by diffusion.
7. How does water reach the leaves?
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Roots absorb water from the soil and it travels up the stem to the leaves.
8. How is oxygen released from the leaf?
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Through the stomata as a by-product.
9. What happens to the glucose made in photosynthesis?
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It is used for growth or stored as starch.
10. Write the word equation for photosynthesis.
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Carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen (in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll).
11. Why do leaves appear green?
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Chlorophyll absorbs blue and red light and reflects green light.
12. Which part of the plant mainly carries out photosynthesis?
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The leaves.
13. Do roots absorb food from the soil?
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No — roots absorb water and minerals, not food. The plant makes its own food in the leaves.
14. What form of energy is stored in glucose?
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Chemical energy (converted from light energy).
15. How does the timing of photosynthesis differ from respiration?
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Photosynthesis mainly occurs in light; respiration occurs all the time.
16. Name four factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
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Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature and water availability (also chlorophyll).
17. What is the starch test and what does it show?
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Boiling a leaf in alcohol then adding iodine; a blue-black colour shows starch is present, confirming photosynthesis occurred.
18. Why does a leaf kept in the dark not turn blue-black in the starch test?
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No photosynthesis occurred in the dark, so no starch was made.
19. Why do variegated leaves photosynthesise less in white patches?
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The white patches lack chlorophyll, so they cannot trap light energy.
20. What are the bubbles from an underwater plant in sunlight?
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Oxygen released during photosynthesis.
21. Why is photosynthesis called the entry point of energy into food chains?
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Plants (producers) capture light energy and pass it to consumers that eat them.
22. How does photosynthesis affect the atmosphere?
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It releases oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the air.
23. What is the role of stomata?
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They are tiny pores that allow gases (CO₂ in, O₂ out) to move in and out of the leaf.
24. Why do greenhouse growers control light, temperature and CO₂?
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To increase the rate of photosynthesis and improve crop yield.
25. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
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They are complementary — photosynthesis makes food and oxygen that respiration uses; respiration releases energy the plant needs.
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