Muscular Tissues: 18 flashcards
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1. What is the primary function of muscular tissue?
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Muscular tissue is responsible for movement of the body and its parts, maintenance of posture, and production of heat.
2. What are the three types of muscular tissue?
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Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues.
3. Which type of muscle tissue is voluntary and striated?
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Skeletal muscle tissue.
4. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and non-striated?
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Smooth muscle tissue.
5. Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated?
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Cardiac muscle tissue.
6. What are the contractile proteins found in muscle cells?
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Actin and myosin.
7. What is a sarcomere?
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The basic functional unit of a muscle fiber, responsible for contraction.
8. What is the role of calcium ions in muscle contraction?
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Calcium ions bind to troponin, causing tropomyosin to move and expose myosin-binding sites on actin, initiating contraction.
9. What is the sliding filament theory?
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The theory that muscle contraction occurs when actin filaments slide over myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere.
10. Where is smooth muscle tissue found?
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In the walls of hollow internal organs such as blood vessels, stomach, intestines, and bladder.
11. What is the function of intercalated discs in cardiac muscle?
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They connect cardiac muscle cells, allowing rapid transmission of electrical signals for synchronized contraction.
12. What is a muscle fiber?
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A single muscle cell, which is elongated and contains many nuclei (in skeletal muscle).
13. What is the difference between striated and non-striated muscle?
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Striated muscle shows alternating light and dark bands (sarcomeres), while non-striated muscle lacks these bands.
14. What is the role of ATP in muscle contraction?
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ATP provides energy for the power stroke of myosin heads and for calcium ion pumping during relaxation.
15. What is a motor unit?
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A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates.
16. What causes muscle fatigue?
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Depletion of ATP, accumulation of lactic acid, and depletion of glycogen stores.
17. What is the difference between skeletal and cardiac muscle in terms of nuclei?
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Skeletal muscle fibers are multinucleated, while cardiac muscle cells are typically uninucleated.
18. What is the role of troponin and tropomyosin in muscle contraction?
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Troponin binds calcium and moves tropomyosin, which blocks myosin-binding sites on actin when relaxed.
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