Electric Circuits: 17 flashcards
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1. What are the two terminals of an electric cell and how are they identified physically?
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An electric cell has a positive (+ve) terminal and a negative (-ve) terminal. The metal cap is the positive terminal, and the flat metal disc is the negative terminal.
2. What is a battery?
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A battery is a combination of two or more electric cells connected together, typically with the positive terminal of one cell connected to the negative terminal of the next.
3. In an incandescent lamp, which part glows to produce light?
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The filament, a thin wire inside the glass bulb, gets hot and glows to produce light.
4. How many terminals does an LED have and how are they identified?
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An LED has two terminals: the longer wire is the positive terminal, and the shorter wire is the negative terminal.
5. Why does an LED glow in one direction of current but not the other?
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Electric current can pass through an LED in only one direction. It glows only when its positive terminal (longer wire) is connected to the positive terminal of the battery and its negative terminal (shorter wire) to the negative terminal.
6. What is an electric circuit?
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An electric circuit is a complete path that allows electric current to flow from one terminal of the cell to the other, enabling devices like lamps to glow.
7. What is the direction of electric current in a closed circuit?
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The direction of electric current is taken to be from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of the electric cell.
8. What is the function of a switch in a circuit?
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A switch is a simple device that either completes (ON) or breaks (OFF) a circuit, controlling the flow of current.
9. What is a circuit diagram?
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A circuit diagram is a representation of an electrical circuit using standard symbols for components like cells, lamps, switches, and wires.
10. In the symbol for an electric cell, what do the long and short lines represent?
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The long line represents the positive terminal, and the short line represents the negative terminal.
11. What are conductors and insulators of electricity?
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Conductors are materials through which electric current can flow easily (e.g., metals). Insulators are materials through which current cannot pass (e.g., plastic, rubber, wood).
12. Why are electric wires covered with plastic or rubber?
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Plastic and rubber are insulators, so they protect people from electric shocks by preventing current from flowing through the body.
13. What does it mean when an incandescent lamp is 'fused'?
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A fused lamp has a broken filament, which stops the flow of current and prevents the lamp from glowing.
14. In a torch, how are two cells placed to make the lamp glow?
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The positive terminal of one cell is connected to the negative terminal of the next cell.
15. Name three good conductors and three insulators mentioned in the chapter.
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Conductors: metals like copper, silver, gold (also key, pin, aluminium foil). Insulators: plastic, rubber, wood (also glass, paper, wax).
16. Why does the lamp glow in some arrangements of cell and lamp but not in others?
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The lamp glows only when the circuit is complete, meaning one terminal of the lamp is connected to one terminal of the cell and the other terminal of the lamp to the other terminal of the cell, providing a closed path for current.
17. What is the difference between the electricity from a battery and from a wall socket?
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Batteries provide Direct Current (DC), while wall sockets provide Alternating Current (AC) from power plants.
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