Photosynthesis: 16 flashcards
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1. What is photosynthesis?
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The process by which green plants use sunlight to make their own food (glucose) from carbon dioxide and water.
2. Write the overall word equation for photosynthesis.
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Carbon dioxide + Water → Glucose + Oxygen (in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll).
3. Write the balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis.
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$$6CO_2 + 6H_2O \xrightarrow{sunlight, chlorophyll} C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$$
4. Where in the plant cell does photosynthesis take place?
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In the **chloroplasts**, which contain the green pigment **chlorophyll**.
5. What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
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Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight (mainly blue and red light) and converts it into chemical energy used to make food.
6. Name the three main factors required for photosynthesis.
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Sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water. (Chlorophyll is also essential.)
7. How does carbon dioxide enter a leaf?
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Through tiny pores called **stomata** on the surface of the leaf.
8. How does water reach the leaves for photosynthesis?
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Water is absorbed by the roots from the soil and transported to the leaves through the **xylem** (vascular tissue).
9. What is the main product of photosynthesis that plants use for energy?
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**Glucose** (a simple sugar). It is later converted to starch for storage.
10. Why is photosynthesis important for life on Earth?
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It produces oxygen for respiration and forms the base of most food chains, providing food and energy for other organisms.
11. What happens to the glucose produced during photosynthesis?
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Some is used immediately for energy (respiration), some is converted to starch for storage, and some is used to make other substances like cellulose and proteins.
12. How would you test a leaf for the presence of starch after photosynthesis?
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Boil the leaf in water, then in alcohol to remove chlorophyll, rinse, and add iodine solution. A blue-black color indicates starch.
13. What is the role of stomata in photosynthesis?
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Stomata allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit the leaf. They also help regulate water loss.
14. Explain why photosynthesis is called an endothermic reaction.
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Because it requires an input of energy (sunlight) to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
15. What would happen to photosynthesis if a plant were kept in the dark?
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Photosynthesis would stop because there is no sunlight to provide energy. The plant would eventually die without food.
16. Compare the reactants and products of photosynthesis and respiration.
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Photosynthesis: CO₂ + H₂O + light → glucose + O₂. Respiration: glucose + O₂ → CO₂ + H₂O + energy. They are essentially opposite processes.
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