Motion & Transport: 39 flashcards
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1. What is motion?
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Motion is the change in position of an object with respect to time and a reference point.
2. What is a reference point?
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A reference point is a fixed place or object used to determine if something is in motion.
3. Why is motion considered relative?
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Because whether an object is moving depends on the observer's reference point.
4. What is distance?
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Distance is the total length of the path travelled by an object.
5. What is displacement?
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Displacement is the shortest straight-line distance from the initial to the final position, with direction.
6. What is speed?
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Speed is the distance travelled per unit time. Formula: $\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$
7. What is velocity?
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Velocity is the displacement per unit time in a given direction. Formula: $\text{Velocity} = \frac{\text{Displacement}}{\text{Time}}$
8. What is acceleration?
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Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with time. Formula: $a = \frac{v - u}{t}$
9. What is uniform motion?
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Uniform motion is when an object covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
10. What is non-uniform motion?
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Non-uniform motion is when an object covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time.
11. What is the SI unit of speed?
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The SI unit of speed is metre per second ($\text{m/s}$).
12. What is the SI unit of acceleration?
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The SI unit of acceleration is metre per second squared ($\text{m/s}^2$).
13. What is a scalar quantity?
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A scalar quantity has only magnitude (size) and no direction. Example: distance, speed.
14. What is a vector quantity?
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A vector quantity has both magnitude and direction. Example: displacement, velocity.
15. What is the difference between distance and displacement?
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Distance is the total path length (scalar); displacement is the shortest straight-line change in position (vector).
16. What is the difference between speed and velocity?
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Speed is scalar (magnitude only); velocity is vector (magnitude and direction).
17. What is a mode of transport?
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A mode of transport is a way of moving people or goods from one place to another.
18. Name the four main modes of transport.
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The four main modes are land (road and rail), water, air, and pipelines.
19. Give two examples of land transport.
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Examples: cars, buses, trains, bicycles, trucks.
20. Give two examples of water transport.
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Examples: boats, ships, ferries, submarines.
21. Give two examples of air transport.
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Examples: aeroplanes, helicopters, hot-air balloons, drones.
22. What is the advantage of rail transport?
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Rail transport can carry heavy loads over long distances efficiently and is often faster than road for bulk goods.
23. What is the advantage of air transport?
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Air transport is the fastest mode for long distances and can reach remote areas.
24. What is the advantage of water transport?
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Water transport is cost-effective for carrying very heavy and bulky goods over long distances.
25. What is the advantage of road transport?
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Road transport provides door-to-door service and is flexible for short distances.
26. How is motion related to transport?
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All modes of transport involve motion—vehicles change position over time to move people or goods.
27. What is the formula for average speed?
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$\text{Average speed} = \frac{\text{Total distance}}{\text{Total time}}$
28. If a car travels 100 km in 2 hours, what is its average speed?
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Average speed = $\frac{100}{2} = 50$ km/h.
29. What does a speedometer measure?
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A speedometer measures the instantaneous speed of a vehicle.
30. What does an odometer measure?
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An odometer measures the total distance travelled by a vehicle.
31. What is meant by 'rest'?
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An object is at rest if its position does not change with respect to a reference point over time.
32. Can an object be at rest and in motion at the same time?
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Yes, depending on the reference point. Example: a passenger sitting in a moving bus is at rest relative to the bus but in motion relative to the road.
33. What is the formula relating speed, distance, and time?
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$\text{Speed} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Time}}$, so $\text{Distance} = \text{Speed} \times \text{Time}$ and $\text{Time} = \frac{\text{Distance}}{\text{Speed}}$.
34. What is deceleration?
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Deceleration is negative acceleration, meaning the velocity of an object decreases with time.
35. What is the difference between uniform and non-uniform motion?
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Uniform motion: equal distances in equal time intervals. Non-uniform motion: unequal distances in equal time intervals.
36. Why do we need different modes of transport?
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Different modes are needed to carry different types of goods and people efficiently over various distances and terrains.
37. What is the role of wheels in transport?
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Wheels reduce friction with the ground, making it easier to move vehicles and carry heavy loads.
38. What is the SI unit of distance?
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The SI unit of distance is the metre (m).
39. What is the SI unit of time?
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The SI unit of time is the second (s).
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