Newton's Laws: 18 flashcards
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1. State Newton's third law of motion.
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When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force on the first object.
2. In the activity with a chair on wheels and a table, what happens when you push the table forward?
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The chair (and you) moves in the opposite direction because the table exerts an equal and opposite force on you.
3. When you pull the table toward you in the chair activity, in which direction does the chair move?
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The chair moves toward the table (in the direction of the pull) because the table pulls back with an equal and opposite force.
4. How does a bicycle move forward when you push the ground backward with your feet?
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Your feet apply a backward force on the ground; the ground applies an equal and opposite forward force on your feet, which moves you and the bicycle forward.
5. What role does friction play when you walk or run?
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Friction is the force that the ground applies on your feet in the forward direction, enabling you to move forward instead of slipping.
6. Why do grooves on footwear soles help you walk on wet or polished floors?
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Grooves increase the force of friction between the soles and the floor, preventing your foot from slipping backward when you push off.
7. What is the action-reaction pair when you push a ball with your foot?
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Your foot exerts a force on the ball (action), and the ball exerts an equal and opposite force on your foot (reaction).
8. In the bicycle example, identify the action and reaction forces.
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Action: feet push ground backward. Reaction: ground pushes feet forward.
9. What happens if there is no friction when you try to walk?
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Your foot would slip backward and you would fall down because there is no forward reaction force from the ground.
10. How do treads on vehicle tyres relate to Newton's third law?
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Treads increase friction between tyres and the road, ensuring the road can exert the necessary forward reaction force when the tyres push backward.
11. When you push a heavy table, why do you feel a force on your hands?
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The table exerts an equal and opposite force on your hands, as described by Newton's third law.
12. In the chair activity, what conclusion can you draw about forces between two objects?
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Whenever one object applies a force on another, the second object applies an equal and opposite force on the first.
13. Why is the force of friction considered helpful in walking?
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Because it provides the forward reaction force that propels you, rather than opposing your motion.
14. What is the reaction force when you push the ground backward with your foot?
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The ground pushes your foot forward with an equal and opposite force.
15. How does Newton's third law explain the motion of a chair on wheels when you push a table?
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The table's reaction force pushes you and the chair in the opposite direction, causing the chair to move.
16. What is the purpose of making grooves on footwear soles?
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To increase friction between the soles and the floor, preventing slipping and ensuring a safe reaction force for walking.
17. If you are sitting on a bicycle and want to move forward without pedalling, what do you do?
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You push the ground backward with your feet, and the ground pushes you forward, moving the bicycle forward.
18. What happens to the chair when you pull the table toward you?
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The chair moves toward the table because the table's reaction force pulls you forward.
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