Plant Morphology: 17 flashcards
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1. What is morphology in the context of flowering plants?
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The study of the form, structure, and development of plants, focusing on vegetative (root, stem, leaf) and reproductive (flower, fruit, seed) organs.
2. Which part of the embryo develops into the root system?
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The radicle.
3. What are the two main tropisms shown by roots?
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Positive geotropism (toward gravity) and positive hydrotropism (toward moisture).
4. How can you distinguish a modified stem from a modified root?
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Stems have nodes and internodes; roots do not. For example, potato is a stem, sweet potato is a root.
5. What is the main function of the leaf?
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Photosynthesis.
6. Define inflorescence.
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The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis.
7. What are the two main types of inflorescence?
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Racemose (indefinite growth) and cymose (definite growth).
8. List the four whorls of a flower in order from outermost to innermost.
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Calyx (sepals), corolla (petals), androecium (stamens), gynoecium (carpels).
9. After fertilization, what does the ovary become?
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The fruit.
10. What is the function of the corolla?
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To attract pollinators.
11. Name a root modification for storage and one for support.
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Storage: carrot (taproot). Support: banyan (prop roots).
12. What type of stem modification is a potato?
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A tuber (underground stem).
13. What is the difference between racemose and cymose inflorescence regarding flower opening?
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In racemose, flowers open in acropetal succession (oldest at base); in cymose, the terminal flower opens first and is the oldest.
14. What is the role of sepals?
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To protect the flower bud.
15. Give an example of a sub-aerial stem modification.
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Runner (e.g., grass) or stolon (e.g., mint).
16. What is the function of the gynoecium?
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To house the ovules and receive pollen for fertilization.
17. Why is morphology important in agriculture?
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It helps in plant identification, choosing crops, and understanding propagation methods.
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