Science Quick Kit: 18 flashcards
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1. What is a chemical equation?
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A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas of reactants and products.
2. What is a balanced chemical equation?
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A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation, satisfying the law of conservation of mass.
3. What is an oxidation reaction? Give an example.
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An oxidation reaction is the gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. Example: 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO (copper is oxidised to copper oxide).
4. What is a redox reaction?
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A redox reaction is a reaction where oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously. Example: ZnO + C → Zn + CO (ZnO is reduced, C is oxidised).
5. What is an acid? Give an example.
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An acid is a substance that donates H+ ions in aqueous solution. Example: Hydrochloric acid (HCl).
6. What is a base? Give an example.
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A base is a substance that accepts H+ ions or produces OH- ions in aqueous solution. Example: Sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
7. What is a neutralisation reaction? Give an example.
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A neutralisation reaction is the reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O.
8. What is the pH scale? What is the pH of a neutral solution?
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The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution from 0 to 14. A neutral solution has pH 7.
9. What is photosynthesis? Write its equation.
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Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants make their own food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
10. What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
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Chlorophyll traps light energy from the sun, which is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
11. What is the function of the stomata?
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Stomata are tiny pores on the leaf surface that allow exchange of gases (CO2 and O2) and transpiration.
12. What is the role of the nervous system in control and coordination?
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The nervous system detects stimuli and transmits electrical impulses to coordinate responses in the body.
13. What is a reflex action? Give an example.
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A reflex action is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus that does not involve conscious thought. Example: pulling your hand away from a hot object.
14. What is the law of reflection?
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The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, and the incident ray, reflected ray, and normal all lie in the same plane.
15. What is the mirror formula? Write it.
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The mirror formula is 1/f = 1/v + 1/u, where f is focal length, v is image distance, and u is object distance.
16. What is the power of a lens? Write its SI unit.
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The power of a lens is the reciprocal of its focal length in meters. Its SI unit is dioptre (D).
17. What is the function of the ciliary muscles in the human eye?
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The ciliary muscles adjust the curvature of the eye lens to focus on objects at different distances, enabling accommodation.
18. What is dispersion of light? Name the phenomenon responsible for the formation of a rainbow.
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Dispersion of light is the splitting of white light into its constituent colors (VIBGYOR) when it passes through a prism. The phenomenon responsible for a rainbow is dispersion of sunlight by water droplets.
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