Tissues — Class 9 Science: 40 flashcards
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1. What is a tissue?
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A group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.
2. What is the study of tissues called?
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Histology.
3. Name the two main types of plant tissues.
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Meristematic and permanent tissues.
4. What are meristematic tissues?
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Plant tissues made of actively dividing cells that help in growth.
5. Where are apical meristems located and what do they do?
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At the tips of roots and shoots; they increase length (primary growth).
6. What is the function of lateral meristem?
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Increases the girth (thickness) of the plant.
7. What are permanent tissues?
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Tissues whose cells have lost the ability to divide and have taken up a specific function.
8. Name the two types of permanent tissues.
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Simple permanent tissues and complex permanent tissues.
9. What is parenchyma?
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A simple permanent tissue with thin-walled, living cells that store food and provide support.
10. What is chlorenchyma?
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Parenchyma that contains chlorophyll and performs photosynthesis.
11. What is aerenchyma?
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Parenchyma with large air cavities that provides buoyancy to aquatic plants.
12. What is collenchyma?
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A simple permanent tissue with cells having thickened corners; provides flexibility and mechanical support.
13. What is sclerenchyma?
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A simple permanent tissue with dead, thick-walled cells; provides hardness and rigidity.
14. What is the function of xylem?
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Transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
15. What is the function of phloem?
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Transports food (sugars) from leaves to other parts of the plant.
16. Name the four elements of xylem.
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Tracheids, vessels, xylem parenchyma, and xylem fibres.
17. Name the four elements of phloem.
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Sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem parenchyma, and phloem fibres.
18. What are the two main types of animal tissues?
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Epithelial and connective tissues (also muscle and nervous).
19. What is epithelial tissue?
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A covering or lining tissue that protects, absorbs, or secretes.
20. What is squamous epithelium?
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Flat, scale-like cells that form a delicate lining; found in skin and mouth.
21. What is cuboidal epithelium?
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Cube-shaped cells that provide mechanical support and are found in kidney tubules.
22. What is columnar epithelium?
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Tall, pillar-like cells that help in absorption and secretion; found in the intestine.
23. What is ciliated columnar epithelium?
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Columnar cells with hair-like cilia that move substances; found in respiratory tract.
24. What is glandular epithelium?
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Epithelial tissue specialized for secretion; forms glands.
25. What is connective tissue?
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Tissue that connects, supports, and binds other tissues and organs.
26. What is the function of blood?
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Transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste; also defends against infection.
27. What is bone?
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A strong, rigid connective tissue that forms the skeleton and supports the body.
28. What is cartilage?
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A flexible connective tissue found in joints, nose, and ear.
29. What are ligaments?
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Connective tissues that connect bone to bone.
30. What are tendons?
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Connective tissues that connect muscle to bone.
31. What is areolar tissue?
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A loose connective tissue that fills spaces inside organs and supports internal organs.
32. What is adipose tissue?
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A connective tissue that stores fat and provides insulation.
33. What are the three types of muscle tissue?
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Striated (skeletal), smooth (unstriated), and cardiac muscle.
34. What are striated muscles?
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Voluntary muscles with light and dark bands; attached to bones and help in movement.
35. What are smooth muscles?
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Involuntary muscles without striations; found in internal organs like stomach and blood vessels.
36. What are cardiac muscles?
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Involuntary, striated muscles found only in the heart; they contract rhythmically.
37. What is nervous tissue?
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Tissue made of neurons that transmits electrical impulses and coordinates body activities.
38. What is a neuron?
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The structural and functional unit of nervous tissue; it has a cell body, dendrites, and axon.
39. What is the function of dendrites?
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Receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.
40. What is the function of the axon?
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Carries electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.
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